Which of the following is a pathology of the respiratory system?

The common cold is indeed a pathology associated with the respiratory system. It is primarily caused by viral infections that lead to inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Symptoms typically include a runny or stuffy nose, cough, sore throat, and sometimes a mild fever. The cold is characterized by its contagious nature and is a common ailment resulting from contact with contaminated surfaces or through respiratory droplets from infected individuals.

In contrast, the other listed conditions do not primarily involve the respiratory system. Gastroenteritis relates to the gastrointestinal tract, diverticular disease affects the colon, and hepatitis impacts the liver. Thus, the common cold is the only option that directly pertains to respiratory pathology, confirming its status as the correct answer.